| High-purity alumina balls | Aluminium oxide, typically 92–99.9% Al₂O₃ | 3.60–3.95 | 8–9 | 0.1–50 mm | Wear-resistant / low contamination | Up to approximately 1,500–1,700°C, depending on grade and atmosphere | Abrasion-resistant coatings, polymer compounds, grinding media, high-temperature systems | Al₂O₃ content, water absorption, bulk density, abrasion loss, roundness, trace metals |
| Zirconia toughened alumina balls | Alumina matrix with approximately 10–30% zirconia | 3.80–4.20 | 8–9 | 0.2–30 mm | Balanced toughness and wear resistance | Up to approximately 1,400–1,600°C, depending on formulation | Technical ceramics, impact-resistant compounds, milling and dispersion processes | Zirconia percentage, fracture toughness, abrasion rate, thermal-shock behavior |
| Stabilized zirconia balls | ZrO₂ stabilized with yttria, magnesia, or ceria | 5.70–6.20 | 8–9 | 0.1–30 mm | Maximum wear resistance and toughness | Usually selected for service below approximately 1,000–1,200°C in demanding wear applications | Fine grinding, high-shear dispersion, electronic and pharmaceutical processing | Stabilizer type, phase composition, fracture toughness, particle contamination, density uniformity |
| Fused silica balls | Amorphous silicon dioxide, typically above 99% SiO₂ | 2.15–2.25 | 5.5–6.5 | 0.5–50 mm | Low thermal expansion / thermal-shock resistance | Suitable for high-temperature service; exact limit depends on geometry, atmosphere, and binder | Thermal-stable composites, electrical insulation, refractory and investment-casting systems | SiO₂ purity, hydroxyl content, thermal expansion, softening behavior, moisture |
| Silicon carbide balls | Silicon carbide, typically 97–99% SiC for technical grades | 3.10–3.25 | 9–9.5 | 0.5–25 mm | Extreme hardness and thermal conductivity | Can operate at very high temperatures in suitable inert or reducing atmospheres | Heat-transfer composites, refractory systems, wear liners, high-temperature filtration | Free silicon, oxidation resistance, thermal conductivity, porosity, particle integrity |
| Hollow aluminosilicate ceramic microspheres | Aluminosilicate glass-ceramic composition | 0.60–0.80 apparent density | 5–7 | 10–500 μm | Lightweight / volume-building | Often used from ambient temperature to approximately 1,000°C, subject to shell strength and binder | Lightweight coatings, syntactic composites, thermal insulation, buoyancy materials | Crush strength, particle-size distribution, true density, oil absorption, hollow-particle content |
| Mullite ceramic balls | Aluminosilicate phase, commonly 3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂-based | 2.60–3.10 | 6.5–7.5 | 1–50 mm | Thermal stability and moderate density | Typically selected for service up to approximately 1,400–1,600°C | Kiln furniture, refractory packing, thermal-process media, high-temperature fillers | Phase content, apparent porosity, compressive strength, thermal-shock resistance |
| Cordierite ceramic balls | Magnesium aluminosilicate, 2MgO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂-based | 2.40–2.70 | 6.5–7 | 1–50 mm | Very low thermal expansion | Commonly used for repeated heating and cooling cycles below approximately 1,200–1,300°C | Thermal-shock applications, kiln supports, catalyst and process-media carriers | Thermal-expansion coefficient, open porosity, water absorption, dimensional stability |